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October 22 過長時期的用奶瓶、吸吮奶嘴、吸吮手指、用口呼吸易造成牙齒排列不整齊這個觀念在育兒書上看過,我想很多家長並不陌生,因此看到相關的研究報告很仔細的看了一下。
這篇文章是在肯定長期用奶瓶、吸吮奶嘴、吸吮手指會造成牙齒排列不整齊的前提,再加上鼻炎的研究,由於用口呼吸及頂舌結果同樣會造成牙齒發育。
儘管是很普及的知識,當然不信的父母大有人在,尤其是父母自己從小也是這樣長大的,他們常覺得自己也沒有牙齒方面的問題,小孩自然也不會因為吸奶嘴或吸手指有什麼問題。
這些父母的推論是不很不嚴謹的,所有的研究結果是證明某些條件造成某一結果的可能性達到顯著水準,並不是說所有的人只要符合了該條件都有同一結果。也就是說過長時期的用奶瓶、吸吮奶嘴、吸吮手指、用口呼吸易造成牙齒排列不整齊,但要找到長期吸奶嘴但牙齒整齊的人也是會有的。
另一種誤讀是研究中常會清楚的寫明研究的條件,如:所謂的長期是多長,幾歲開始有無影響,是否要連續吸吮才算等,但一般報紙、文獻等只有轉述摘要,是看不到這些細節的,因此也易造成一般民眾將事情處理得過於簡單化,將用奶瓶、吸吮奶嘴、吸吮手指全都歸為是不好的事,尤其是吸吮手指,一旦孩子出現此種行為就會受到嚴厲地制止。
我對用長期用奶瓶也會不利牙齒發育比較感興趣,因為很多家庭配方奶會喝到三歲(受奶粉廠商的影響?) 在大陸鼓勵母奶餵養半年,甚至很多媽媽認為超過一年不宜餵母奶,也就是會有多數的寶寶會用二年的奶瓶,這還是按母乳是親餵的來計算,出生就用奶瓶的,那寶寶便是吸了三年的奶瓶。
奶嘴和奶瓶的吸吮所用的肌肉應是類似的,那麼從這篇研究報告來看,至少嬰兒時期不宜給孩子用奶瓶喝奶超過四個月,我知道有些母乳媽媽為了看寶寶喝了多少會改用奶瓶,或許應深入了解一下相關的研究,重新權衡一下。
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In a study of nearly 1,200 children between the ages of 4 and 5, Mexican researchers found that those who were bottle-fed, used pacifiers or sucked their thumb before the age of 1 were more likely to have a posterior crossbite -- where the upper teeth in the back of the mouth bite down behind, rather than in front of, the lower teeth. Nasal allergies, bottle-feeding and thumb sucking may all contribute to certain types of tooth misalignments in young children, a study shows. Similarly,Kids can get nosebleeds once in a while or more often. The nosebleeds that are most common in kids usually occur near the front of the nose, on the wall separating the two sides of the nose (the septum), and usually start from just one nostril. children with nasal allergies were more likely to develop an open bite, in which the top and bottom teeth in the front of the mouth do not connect when the jaw closes. In fact, you may be surprised to know that 45% of 2-year-olds suck their thumbs, probably as a way to cope with stress or anxiety. Thumb sucking can remind a child of the comfort linked to feeding during infancy.Sucking on a pacifier is completely natural; just as with thumb sucking, many children form the habit when they're babies. It calms and soothes them and makes them feel secure well into the toddler years. Sucking on a pacifier may make difficulties worse because it locks his mouth in an unnatural position, making it hard for him to develop and strengthen his facial muscles normally. Mothers often find that it is easier to just breast-feed. Frequent changes from breast-feeding to bottle feeding can confuse the baby. It's easier for the baby to draw milk from a rubber nipple than from the breast. Also, a mother's milk supply decreases if she does not breast-feed often. Waiting 2-3 weeks to bottle-feed gives the mother time to establish a good milk supply. However, an occasional feeding with expressed milk or formula can be given. Many studies have linked bottle-feeding, pacifier use and thumb sucking to teeth misalignments, but the evidence regarding allergies has been mixed. The new findings suggest that all of these factors contribute to teeth misalignment, though only certain types, according to the study authors, led by Dr. Francisco Vazquez-Nava of the Autonomous University of Tamaulipas. They report the results in the journal Archives of Disease in Childhood. When babies suck on bottles, pacifiers or their fingers, the muscles of the head and face move differently than they do when breast-feeding. This could hinder the "harmonious" development of the jaw and hard palate, misaligning the baby teeth and possibly the permanent teeth, Vazquez-Nava explained. In particular, he told Reuters Health, giving babies bottles and pacifiers early in life, and continuing to do so beyond the first year, may interfere with normal development of the dental structures. Research suggests that about two-thirds of children who suck their thumbs or use pacifiers for at least four months in their first year of life have some form of dental misalignment, Vazquez-Nava said. With nasal allergies, the misalignment may stem from the tendency of children to chronically breathe with their mouths open and to move the tongue along the roof of the mouth to relieve itching. The risk of tooth misalignment is one more reason to diagnose and treat allergies sooner than later, Vazquez-Nava said. TrackbacksThe trackback URL for this entry is: http://chaohuihsu.spaces.live.com/blog/cns!B92B1D3DFF62A9B4!2776.trak Weblogs that reference this entry
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